Protein translocation is the process by which peptides are transported across a membrane bilayer. Translocation of proteins across the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is know to occur in on...

The tubular cristae of mitochondria bear a pair of protrusions when seen in cross section. These are the F1 subunits of F1F0 ATP synthase enzymes which play a role in producing ATP, the cell’s main ...

Expression of WT PINK1-YFP (green) does not induce mitochondrial translocation of mCherry-Parkin (red) in PINK1 knock-out mouse embryonic fibroblasts (PINK1 KO MEFs). Transfected PINK1 KO MEFs were tr...

Expression of R98F PINK1-YFP (green) induces mitochondrial translocation of mCherry-Parkin (red) in the presence of the mitochondrial depolarizing agent CCCP (carbonyl cyanide-m-chlorophenyl hydrazone...

Expression of R98F PINK1-YFP (green), consistent with localization within mitochondria, does not induce mitochondrial translocation of mCherry-Parkin (red). The R98F mutation in PINK1-YFP partially in...

Expression of transmembrane domain deleted-PINK1-YFP (green) is stabilized in the mitochondira, but does not induce mitochondrial translocation of mCherry-Parkin (red) in PINK1 knock-out mouse embryon...

Acidosomes originate from the biosynthetic pathway that includes the ER, the Golgi stack and the trans-Golgi network (TGN). Flattened vesicles from the TGN round up into spherical vesicles and bind to...

Upon mitochondrial uncoupling, wild-type PINK1-YFP (green) and mCherry-Parkin (red) are localized to mitochondria in PINK1 knock-out mouse embryonic fibroblasts (PINK1 KO MEFs). Transfected PINK1 KO M...

Upon mitochondrial uncoupling, transmembrane domain-deleted PINK1-YFP (green) fails to recruit mCherry-Parkin (red) to mitochondria in PINK1 knock-out mouse embryonic fibroblasts (PINK1 KO MEFs). Tran...

This animation shows the process of clathrin-mediated endocytosis of transferrin receptors, focusing on the assembly and disassembly of the clathrin cage. A single triskelion, which is approximately 1...