High resolution image of the CVC complex. The membrane along the collecting canal of ruptured cells shows that the excess smooth spongiome membrane forms a three-dimensional array similar to etiolated...

To determine what happens to the CV during systole we observed the CV in a living cell and then fixed the cell as soon as the CV had opened to the outside. It was apparent that the CV membrane does no...

Cubic membrane such as this array represents the cell’s method of storing large quantities of lipid and protein bilayers into the smallest possible volume. These membranes can quickly expand into pl...

The aboral view of Didinium showing seven contractile vacuole pores for it's single posterior contractile vacuole and metachronous waves of cilia in one of the two characteristic ciliary girdles of Di...

The 11 micrographs of the group are views of a serially-sectioned contracted Vorticella convallaria cell that show the main features of this cell. This figure shows 3 food vacuoles; 2 segments of the ...

The 11 micrographs of the group are views of a serially-sectioned contracted Vorticella convallaria cell that show the main features of this cell. This figure shows 1 food vacuole; a segment of the ma...

The 11 micrographs of the group are views of a serially-sectioned contracted Vorticella convallaria cell that show the main features of this cell. This figure shows the edge of last food vacuole in se...

A high resolution view of the radial arm of the Contractile Vacuole Complex or CVC each contain a collecting canal enclosed by a microtubular ribbon split lengthwise into several smaller ribbons, a me...

The contractile vacuole of V. convallaria empties into a convoluted chamber. This chamber is covered by the alveoli and plasma membrane of the pellicle and is open to the cell’s surface via the peri...

The contractile vacuole pore is encircled on its cytosolic surface with microtubules. Other microtubules arise from these encircling microtubules and extend far out into the cell where they provide st...